Early+Modern+Era,+1450CE-1750CE

Note: Two good places for review materials are [|World History for Us All](the PowerPoints on the "Big Eras" are here--look at Big Eras 6 for this period) and [|Bridging World History](videos, a couple of which we have seen in class). And don't forget this really cool, and informative, [|map of the Indian Ocean trading regime.]dk

 ﻿ This map is of the Mughal Empire until the time of Akbar’s death. The painting tells a story of a prophet spreading the teachings of Islam during Akbar’s reign. There are Persian elements in the painting mixed in with the local Indian and traditional Islamic styles. Clearly, the early modern period was a time of exchange of cultural ideas. Islam spread not only through written and religious means but was also influential for the arts. Although Islam primarily spread throughout the post-classical era, it continued to spread and thrive throught the post-classical period as well. ﻿[] ﻿[]

-Gabriella Serure 

Like Islam, Catholicism was also influential for the arts. Catholicism had been challenged by the Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation (shown in the map) and the church decided that art should reflect religious themes more closely. The church engineered Baroque art, an art style that contained religious themes and extravagant decorations designed to make the viewer in awe of God. The painting above is //The Ecstasy of St. Teresa// and is one of the best examples of baroque art. http://www.simplyartonline.net/The%20Ecstasy%20of%20St%20Teresa.jpg http://effectualgrace.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/Protestant_reformation_map2.gif Mark Simon



The painting, a 17th century print by Olfert Dapper, depicts the city of Loango, Congo, which bustled with trade from 1200-1800. In the scene, people are seen trading objects and working diligently throughout the city. It included a palace, wives' compound, and royal wine house, to name a few. It directly relates to the map in that it illustrates 18th century trade and the map shows trade routes from the same period. Slaves and gold were traded from Africa in exchange for alcohol, clothing, and weapons. The Africans participated due to the benefits it brought for their economy while the foreigners had similar motives, only they had no care for the well being of the Africans. Sources: http://media.maps.com/magellan/Images/USAH051-H.gif http://hitchcock.itc.virginia.edu/SlaveTrade/collection/large/3-215.JPG - Josh Cohen

 The map is of Venezuela during the time of the Spanish conquest of South America. The Spanish brought to the Americas a very strong Catholic background. Like the Muslims in the Mughal and Ottoman empires, who established Islamic faith in India and Eastern Europe, the Spanish established Catholisicm as the main faith in South America. Even today most of South America is stil Catholic. The Helmet is from spain from the late 15th Century. It is typical spanish for its time period, but there are still elements in the helmet that are Islamic, especially the cut outs in front of the eyes. This helmet really shows how deep the influence of the Moors in Spain was, and shows the extent of Islamic influence. Sources: - http://mappery.com/Antique-Venezuela-map - http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/1983.413 - Mariana Pavia

Among all the influences the Spanish had on their colonies in the Americas, one of the most destructive was disease. The increasing interconnectedness of global networks allowed for more contact and exchange between peoples, but it also created more room for the spread of disease. For the indigenous populations of the Americas, the "Great Dying" of the 17th century was the most catastrophic instance of widespread death due to disease brought by Europeans. Ivy Sokol http://www.bethelhistorical.org/Molly_Ockett_and_Her_World.html

The vast global network that was created during the early modern period led to conflict between Europeans and non-europeans. In china for example, the relationship between europeans and the chinese that brought the ming dynasty so much wealth would eventually devolve into an abusive relationship where the europeans dominated the chinese through spheres of influence. The healthy trade relationship is clear in the fan, and the future spheres of influence are clear in the map.-Daniel Silberwasser

This map depicts the widespread exchange around the globe that flourished in the Early Modern Era. More specifically, though, this map depicts the Columbian Exchange, a phenomenon that developed during this time that really connected the Americas to the rest of the world like never before. Among the things exchanged along this complex network of routes were raw goods, manufactured goods, slaves, and, as exhibited in the sketch above, disease (measles, small pox, and typhus, especially). I like this map because not only does it glaringly reveal the increased interconnectedness of the world, but it also references the age of imperialism, most notably in the Americas. I think it paints a pretty good picture of major thematic developments of the Early Modern Era. Ivy Sokol http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.lcsc.edu/elmartin/courses/worldhistorysince1500/studyguides/world%2520map%25201.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.lcsc.edu/elmartin/courses/worldhistorysince1500/syllabi/wh102(spring2007).htm&usg=__pQOp5MyROMCoFEWtteCxexQLDZc=&h=1506&w=2065&sz=370&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=ZhZwx_TSRGynbM:&tbnh=131&tbnw=180&ei=cQK6TebEHpLUgAfKlu3gDg&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dcolumbian%2Bexchange%2Bearly%2Bmodern%2Bmap%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1426%26bih%3D882%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=172&page=1&ndsp=36&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0&tx=145&ty=100

Although European countries deeply affected the fate of the asian continent, there were also internal forces at play. In 1590 Japan was unified under Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Hideyoshi decided that the best way to legitimize his rule is to invade China, Taiwan, and Korea. Japan at this time had the most professional army in Asia and was ready to use it. Japan found much success on its land invasion but found difficulty achieving sea supremacy. Part of the reason for their struggle is the Korean turtle ship. The turtle ship was designed by Admiral Yi Sun-sin. Some unique designs is the protective metal covering on the outside that is used to deflect enemy canon fire, the ship is also known to be fast and agile, complete with 80 oarsmen and 2 sails. The dragon head at the bow of the ship is supposedly used as a flame thrower. Although the turtle ship is clouded by myth and legend, there is much evidence to prove its existence. During the naval Battle of Sacheon in the Japanese invasion, the turtle ship was used to target the Japanese flag ship and effectively decimated the entire enemy force. The Battle of Dangpo and the Battle of Danghangpo are also two other battles where the turtle ship was used. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Busanjinsunjeoldo.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Turtle_boat.jpg Carl Kafka

Much like Japan under Hideyoshi invaded China to show their power and to achieve supremacy, the Ottoman Empire under Süleyman I (1520-1566) led a series of military campaigns to do the same. Süleyman was known as “The Magnificent” because durig his reign, the Ottomans reached their greatest point of military and political power. He took over Belgrade and the Kingdom of Hungary, which at the time, were the only formidable force that could block them from expanding into Europe. Süleyman went as far as Vienna in his conquests. He additionally threatened the Habsburgs (whose ruler was also the one of the Holy Roman Empire). Much like Japan, who wanted to achieve sea supremacy, the Ottomans led naval campaigns against the Portuguese to reestablish trade with India (the Mughul Empire). They succeeded and gained control of Aden (1548) as well as the Red Sea. Additionally, in North Africa, they annexed huge territories. The map shows Ottoman acquisitions. In addition to military and economic expansion under Suleymen, there was also artistic and architectural activity. His reign is referred to as the “Golden Age”. He administered many artistic imperial societies, and he patronized the arts. He also commissioned the building of monuments. The picture below is the mosque of Süleymaniye in Istanbul designed by Sinan. Suleyman wanted to convert Istanbul into a center of Islamic civilization. Sources: -http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/suly/hd_suly.htm#/08/West-Asia -http://www.nhorizon.net/history-eras-1350-now.html Camila Moscoso

Both of my images demonstrate the grandness of the Atlantic slave trade. On the right is a slave ship design, one filled to capacity with Africans. The importation of slaves was a huge part of the early modern era, as was trade in general. The map on the left shows how interconected Europe, Africa, and the New World became during this time. Europe exported manufactured goods and luxuries to the new world and guns, cloth., iron, and beer to Africa. Africa exported slaves to the new world and gold, ivory, and hardwoods to Europe. North America exported whale oil, lumber, furs, rice, indigo, silk, tobacco, sugar, molasses, and wood to Europe and rum, iron, gunpowder, cloth, and tools to Africa. Cleary the Atlantic trade was a unique trade route in that it was primarily composed of essential goods. All of the cities in the rtade relied on one another for their livelyhood, though Africa paid a grave price.